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William Buffalo Tiger〔(Tom Wells (AP), "Lights of Miami Lure the Young Away From a Vanishing Tribe" ), ''Los Angeles Times'', 23 February 1997, accessed 14 August 2014〕 (''Heenehatche''; March 6, 1920 – January 6, 2015 in Kendall, Florida)〔(Miccosukee patriarch dies at 94 )〕 (Miccosukee) was a political leader of the tribal nation based in the Everglades area of Florida. He served as the first elected tribal chairman from 1962 to 1985, and before that was head of the General Council from 1957 and a chief. His activism led to political organization of the Miccosukee and their gaining federal recognition in 1962 as an independent Native American tribe. They wrote a constitution to govern their people. In 1959 Buffalo Tiger led a delegation to Cuba and secured formal diplomatic recognition from the government of Fidel Castro of the Miccosukee.〔(Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida: History ), Official Website〕 In 1962 the US Government recognized the tribe. Under his leadership, the tribe in 1971 was the first to take over responsibility to operate its social and educational programs, as was later encouraged by the Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975. Buffalo Tiger and the tribe have used their sovereignty to preserve their culture and traditions in their homeland. With historian Harry A. Kersey, he wrote an autobiography, ''Buffalo Tiger: A Life in the Everglades'' (2008). Since the late 1980s, he has run an airboat tour company in the Florida Everglades.〔(Buffalo Tiger's Everglades Airboat Tours Website )〕 ==Early life and education== William Buffalo Tiger〔 was born ''Heenehatche'' in 1920 to Tiger Tiger and his wife in a traditional Miccosukee village in the Florida Everglades. They lived in a "chickee," a house built raised from ground level. His first language was Mikasuki, one of the Muskogee languages. He grew up immersed in the traditional customs of the people. In the early 20th century, the Miccosukee were considered part of the Seminole, and the people maintained their relative isolation from the majority community by living within the Everglades. When the Tamiami Trail was built through the Everglades in the 1920s and 1930s, it cut through Seminole and Miccosukee land. The road brought tourism to the region, which provided some jobs and a market for Miccosukee crafts, but also encroached on their culture. Many of the Seminole lived closer to European-American settlements and adapted more to the majority culture. In the 1940s, the Seminole began to move into designated Indian reservations, but the Miccosukee stayed outside.〔Mahon, John K.; Brent R. Weisman (1996). "Florida's Seminole and Miccosukee Peoples". In Gannon, Michael (Ed.). ''The New History of Florida'', pp. 183–206. University Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-1415-8〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Buffalo Tiger」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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